‘according to usage and conventions which are at last being questioned but have by no means been overcome - men act and women appear. Men look at women. Women watch themselves being looked at’
Hans Memling ‘Vanity’ - Its okay to look at her because she is looking at her self naked.
Mirror is a recurring theme.
Aloud and encouraged by the position of the body to gaze at the women.
Opium advertisment - Deemed to be to sexual
Ingres Le grand Odalisque 1814
Gorilla girls displayed on us bus stops
Manet - Bar at folies bergeres 1882 - Uses mirrors in this portrait her back is different in the mirror reflection.
Jeff Wall picture for women 1979
Common in advertising wearing sunglasses meaning that she can't return the gaze.
Peeping Tom, 1960 The profusion of images which characterises contemporary society could be seen as an obsessive distancing of women… a form of voyeurism.
Dr lucas - Gender.com - 'can men be objectives like women can' quote .
He says just having naked men wouldn't help anything
In the image they all return the gaze
1620,
In Griselda Pollocks ‘Old Mistresses’
Polluck G 1981
- Women ‘marginalised within the masculine discourses of art history’
- This marginalisation supports the ‘hegemony of men in cultural practice, in art’
- Women not only marginalised but supposed to be marginalised
Cindy Sherman, - “Untitled Film Still # 6”, 1977-79
Papratizi she's surprised . 1989 - 1990
Barbara Kruger - ‘Your Gaze Hits The Side of My Face’ (1981)
Sarah Lucas ‘Eating a Banana’ 1990
1996 Self portrait - With fried eggs
- Criado-Perez argued that as the Equality Act 2010 commits public institutions to end discrimination She received up to 50 threats a day via Twitter including threats to rape and murder.
- Although she reported the abuse police lost evidence and she was forced to delete her account
Lucy-Ann Holmes, who founded a campaign to end the publication of topless "Page 3 Girls" in The Sun newspaper last year, told the BBC that while she had also received death threats, she had not been subject to the level of "sustained attack" experienced by Ms Criado-Perez.
"I'd say it's a constant undercurrent, when women write about feminist issues or are exposed in a lot of media for speaking out about sexism they tend to get a barrage of abuse and threats," she said. (www.bbc.co.uk)Campaign to represent women on British currency
"I'd say it's a constant undercurrent, when women write about feminist issues or are exposed in a lot of media for speaking out about sexism they tend to get a barrage of abuse and threats," she said. (www.bbc.co.uk)Campaign to represent women on British currency
Social Networking -
The body is broken into fragments-could be any female . Plays on teenagers body consciousness, potentially carrying those perceptions into adult life
Critical gaze - perpetuate the male gaze
Victor Burgin (1982)
Reality Television -
- Appears to offer us the position as the all-seeing eye- the power of the gaze
- Allows us a voyeuristic passive consumption of a type of reality
- Editing means that there is no reality
- Contestants are aware of their representation (either as TV professionals or as people who have watched the show)
Victor Burgin (1982)
FURTHER READING
John Berger (1972) Ways of Seeing, Chapter3
Victor Burgin (1982) Thinking Photography
Rosalind Coward (1984) The Look
Laura Mulvey (1973) Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema
Griselda Pollock (1982) Old Mistresses
Susan Sontag On Photography (1977)
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