Garland 1964 - First things First less of a manifesto in a political sense but i was a manifesto signed by quite famous designers and art directors of the time. It was produced in the boom time (boom of consumerism)
Designers felt frustrated that their taken was being wasted on pointless means. Its a call for designers to flog more than dog biscuits. There proposing an ethical term that it is unethical that people are not using there talents for beneficial design.
'We, the undersigned, are graphic designers, art directors and visual communicators who have been raised in a world in which the techniques and apparatus of advertising have persistently been presented to us as the most lucrative, effective and desirable use of our talents. Many design teachers and mentors promote this belief; the market rewards it; a tide of books and publications reinforces it.'
- There saying designing about working for the big companies,
'Encouraged in this direction, designers then apply their skill and imagination to sell dog biscuits, designer coffee, diamonds, detergents, hair gel, cigarettes, credit cards, sneakers, butt toners, light beer and heavy-duty recreational vehicles. Commercial work has always paid the bills, but many graphic designers have now let it become, in large measure, what graphic designers do. This, in turn, is how the world perceives design. The profession’s time and energy is used up manufacturing demand for things that are inessential at best.'
- Subvert They group graphic designers and advertisers its saying making people buy stuff they don't need with money that they don't have. Glamourising credit cards which locks them into a consumer system, in dept global exploitation.
Many of us have grown increasingly uncomfortable with this view of design. Designers who devote their efforts primarily to advertising, marketing and brand development are supporting, and implicitly endorsing, a mental environment so saturated with commercial messages that it is changing the very way citizen-consumers speak, think, feel, respond and interact.
- Negative effect on how people interact with each other in a negative way .
There are pursuits more worthy of our problem-solving skills. Unprecedented environmental, social and cultural crises demand our attention. Many cultural interventions, social marketing campaigns, books, magazines, exhibitions, educational tools, television programmes, films, charitable causes and other information design projects urgently require our expertise and help.
- What is worthy and what is unworthy , The tone becomes very judgmental and far to simplistic
We propose a reversal of priorities in favour of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design.
- If you work to advertise to market and to brand companies who make any time of consumer items in some ways you are becoming un- ethical, you should be using your talents to stop capitalism and start a revolution.
-Putting dollar signs on top of the ESSO sign.
- Culture jamming/Mema Warfare
In 1964, 22 visual communicators signed the original call for our skills to be put to worthwhile use. With the explosive growth of global commercial culture, their message has only grown more urgent. Today, we renew their manifesto in expectation that no more decades will pass before it is taken to heart.
Easy to have ethics and look down peoples noses when you are financially comfortable. sometimes you don't have the luxury of who you work for and who you don't.
Kalle Lasn
“A meme (rhymes with dream) is a unit of information (a catchphrase, a concept, a tune, a belief) that leaps from brain to brain to brain. Memes compete with one another for replication, and are passed down through a population much the same way genes pass through a species. Potent memes can change minds, alter behavior, catalyze collective mindshifts, and transform cultures. Which is why meme warfare has become the geopolitical battle of our information age. Whoever has the memes has the power.”
- Culture jamming/Mema Warfare
In 1964, 22 visual communicators signed the original call for our skills to be put to worthwhile use. With the explosive growth of global commercial culture, their message has only grown more urgent. Today, we renew their manifesto in expectation that no more decades will pass before it is taken to heart.
Easy to have ethics and look down peoples noses when you are financially comfortable. sometimes you don't have the luxury of who you work for and who you don't.
Kalle Lasn
“A meme (rhymes with dream) is a unit of information (a catchphrase, a concept, a tune, a belief) that leaps from brain to brain to brain. Memes compete with one another for replication, and are passed down through a population much the same way genes pass through a species. Potent memes can change minds, alter behavior, catalyze collective mindshifts, and transform cultures. Which is why meme warfare has become the geopolitical battle of our information age. Whoever has the memes has the power.”
Amazing advertising , viral effective forms of communication. Given that power that creative advertising has over the world what if we did something amazing with it?
1971 - Victor Papaneke
‘Most things are designed not for the needs of the people but for the needs of manufacturers to sell to people’ (Papanek, 1983:46)
Behind this whole book he made the same argument as the first things first manifesto. A cry for ethics.
Panpanek Beer Can Automobile Can Bumper , 1971 - This idea came from a car company saying there going to leave bumpers how they are even though they are unsafe and would cost more.
1971 - Victor Papaneke
Behind this whole book he made the same argument as the first things first manifesto. A cry for ethics.
Panpanek Beer Can Automobile Can Bumper , 1971 - This idea came from a car company saying there going to leave bumpers how they are even though they are unsafe and would cost more.
Saying there are more urgent things that need solving in the world.
HOW DO WE DETERMINE GOOD DESIGN?
–There are no universal moral norms of right and wrong
–All persons decide right and wrong for themselves
The generates social anarchy and breaks down society no chance for debate.
–All persons decide right and wrong for themselves
The generates social anarchy and breaks down society no chance for debate.
–The ethical theory that what’s right or wrong depends on place and/or time
Depends on the context
–Good actions are aligned with the will of God
–Bad actions are contrary to the will of God
–The holy book helps make the decisions
You have a religion and the scriptures. Determined by what god thinks is good/bad based on dogma.
Kantianism
- Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804) a German philosopher
- People’s wills should be based on moral rules
- Therefore it’s important that our actions are based on appropriate moral rules.
- To determine when a moral rule is appropriate Kant proposed two Categorical Imperatives
- Act only from moral rules that you can at the same time universalise.
- Act so that you always treat both yourself and other people as ends in themselves, and never only as a means to an end.
Principle of Utility
(Also known as Greatest Happiness Principle)
–An action is right to the extent that it increases the total happiness of the affected parties
–An action is wrong to the extent that it decreases the total happiness of the affected parties.
–Happiness may have many definitions such as: advantage, benefit, good, or pleasure
Rules are based on the Principle of Utility
–A rule is right to the extent that it increases the total happiness of the affected parties
–The Greatest Happiness Principle is applied to moral rules
(Also known as Greatest Happiness Principle)
–An action is right to the extent that it increases the total happiness of the affected parties
–An action is wrong to the extent that it decreases the total happiness of the affected parties.
–Happiness may have many definitions such as: advantage, benefit, good, or pleasure
Rules are based on the Principle of Utility
–A rule is right to the extent that it increases the total happiness of the affected parties
–The Greatest Happiness Principle is applied to moral rules
Similar to Kantianism – both pertain to rules
–But Kantianism uses the Categorical Imperative to decide which rules to follow
- interested in the amount of good/bad pleasure/pain , based on the use of your actions something is ethical if it increases total happiness.
Socail contract theory
–But Kantianism uses the Categorical Imperative to decide which rules to follow
- interested in the amount of good/bad pleasure/pain , based on the use of your actions something is ethical if it increases total happiness.
Socail contract theory
- Thomas Hobbes (1603-1679) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
- An agreement between individuals held together by common interest
- Avoids society degenerating into the ‘state of nature’ or the ‘war of all against all’ (Hobbes)
- “Morality consists in the set of rules, governing how people are to treat one another, that rational people will agree to accept, for their mutual benefit, on the condition that others follow those rules as well.”
- We trade some of our liberty for a stable society.
–Kantianism
–Act Utilitarianism
–Rule Utilitarianism
–Social Contract Theory
could provide us with possible solutions to many of the problems that are raised by the ‘First Things First’ manifesto.
Criteria for a Workable Ethical Theory?
- Moral decisions and rules:
- Based on logical reasoning
- Come from facts and commonly held or shared values
- Culturally neutral
- Treat everyone equally
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